El verb 'to have' té el significat principal de' tenir' i 'haver'. Pot tenir també altres significats, com 'prendre'. Coneixerem la seva traducció apropiada depenent del sentit de la frase.
I have a new car / Tinc un cotxe nou I have worked / He treballat I have coffee / Prenc cafè
INFINITIU
PRETÈRIT
PARTICIPI
to have haver, tenir
had vaig haver, havia, vaig tenir, tenia
had hagut, tingut
PRESENT D'INDICATIU
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
FORMA NEGATIVA
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
I have (I've)
I have not (I haven't)
have I?
Jo he, tinc
no he, no tinc
he?, Tinc?
you have (you've)
you have not (you haven't)
have you?
Tu has, tens
no has, no tens
has?, tens?
he has (he's)
he has not (he hasn't)
has he?
Ell ha, té
no ha, no té
ha?, té?
we have (we've)
we have not (we haven't)
have we?
Nosaltres hem, tenim
no hem, no tenim
hem?, tenim?
you have (you've)
you have not (you haven't)
have you?
Vosaltres heu, teniu
no heu, no teniu
heu?, teniu?
they have (they've)
they have not (they haven't)
have they?
Ells han, tenen
no han, no tenen
han?, tenen?
Observa que la tercera persona singular es forma de manera irregular (canvia de 'have' a 'has').
1.to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes:
I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth)
2.to give instructions or directions:
You walk for two hundred metres, then you turn left.
3.to express fixed arrangements, present or future:
Your exam starts at 09.00
4.to express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
BE CAREFUL! The simple present is not used to express actions happening now.
Examples:
For habits: They watch television regularly.
For repeated actions or events: They drive to Monaco every summer.
For general truths: Water freezes at zero degrees..
For instructions or directions: Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water..
For fixed arrangements.: Our holiday starts on the 23th June
With future constructions: We'll give it to her when she arrives.
2.Simple present, third person singular
Note:
he, she, it: in the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
Negative and question forms use DOES (=the third person of the auxiliary'DO') + the infinitive of the verb. He wants. Does he want? He does not want.
Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:
fly flies,cry cries Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
play plays,pray prays
Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch: he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
See also Verbs -'Regular verbs in the simple present', and 'Be, do & have'
Examples: 3. Third person singular with s or –es
a.He goes to school every morning.
b.She understands English.
c. It mixes the sand and the water.
d. He tries very hard.
e. She enjoys playing the piano.